Clinical background

1) Diosmin action and safety
Diosmin Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review. Volume 9, Number 3, 2004, pp. 308 - 311.

2) Hesperidin action and safety
Chemistry and Pharmacology of the Citrus Bioflavonoid Hesperidin. Garg A., Garg S., Zaneveld L.J.D., Singla A.K. Phytotherapy Research, 2001, 15, 655 – 669.

3) Aescine action and safety
Semen Hippocastani. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, pp. 137 - 148.

4) Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency.
Pittler MH, Ernst E, German Cochrane Centre, Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics University Medical Center Freiburg and ComplementaryMedicine, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, UK, Freiburg, Germany. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11:CD003230.

5) Combined effect of Hesperidin and Diosmin
Overview of pharmacological treatment of acute hemorrhoids; Michela Cospite MD, Glauco Milio, MD; Phlebolymphology No. 31, 2000.
Veno-active drugs for chronic venous disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-design trial. Belczak SQ, Sincos IR, Campos W, Beserra J, Nering G, Aun R. São Camilo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Phlebology. 2013 May 16.

6) Effectiveness of all 3 ingredients in case of
Hemorrhoids and Varicose Veins: A Review of Treatment Options. MacKay D., Alternative Medicine Review, 2001, Vol. 6, N. 2, pp. 126-140.

7) Comfrey may also be helpful in treating varicose veins
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center: Comfrey

This is just a brief review. For more details and studies feel free to contact us.